No. The bulb will burn out.
It won't run.
Sorry, won't work. You need a 110 volt supply.
No, unless the motor was wound for dual voltage operation, which it will state on the motor nameplate, a 110 volt motor run on 240 volts will be damaged.
Yes, in the long run. The 220 volt unit will use less power.
Yes, 120 and 240 volts can be run in the same conduit.
If it is a 110 volt light it can safely run on a 20 amp circuit with AWG # 12 wire.
Yes. Circuits in a home are 120 volts but people tend to call them 110 volt circuits. The 120 volts you read on the appliance is the maximum voltage the appliance can handle. The actual voltage you will read at any outlet will range from 110 to 120 volts.
No a 230 volt appliance should not be pluuged into a 110 volt socket (And vice versa) you need to buy a converter that can be plugged into the 110 volt outlet then the appliance can be plugged into the converter.
It won't get to temperature very well, but you probably can use it. It is called a kiln in the English language not ceramic oven.
Yes, you can use 220V to 110V step-down transformers for this purpose.
When equipment is run at a lower voltage than it is designed for, it does not operate correctly. A light will glow dimly or not at all, a heater produces much less heat. Electronic equipment may not function at all.
No, a 240 volt device runs on 240, and a 120 volt device runs on 120. Attempting to run a device on incompatible voltage results in damage.