une partie de... un morceau de.......
un beau morceau
morceau de musique
un peu- a littleyet if you want a little piece of something you would say something like "un petit morceau" a little piece..
un morceau de bœuf
prenez une feuille de papier
A piece of furniture is "un meuble" (masc.) in French. Furniture collectively is "les meubles".
Shorts (piece of clothing) are called the same in French: un short, des shorts.
Tu es une partie du ciel
No, they don't say so. This is nonsense.
La paix sur la Terre I hope that helps you :D
It's probably safer just to say "nous avons joué la musique par Beethoven" which is translated to "We played music by Beethoven"
Tu pourrais aller voir une piece de theatre.