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Green screens are used to isolate a subject from the background using a technique called chroma-keying. All parts of the image that are green are removed to allow a different background to be inserted later in the signal chain. Chroma-keying once needed a very precise color, either pure green or pure blue. Now that the keyers are software controlled, the need for such precise colors is much reduced. That gives the low budget film maker more options. The most expensive is to buy a complete set up from a broadcast dealer. We shall move on from that option...

Idea number 1

Grass is one of the cheapest backgrounds going. It is green, self cleaning and self repairing and it's normally lit by the best white light ever seen - the sun. It may not be suitable for the shots you need but consider it. It has been used in many productions very successfully.

Idea number 2

Large green sheets from department stores or fabric retailers. It needs to be a plain color and a rich green (or blue). Once again, if you can light it with sunlight and avoid shadows caused by wrinkles, it can work very well indeed.

If it has to be inside, studio lights can be used to light it. Light it from the sides to avoid shadows of the subject and keep the subject as far away from the backdrop as you can. The closer the subject is to the green surface, the more green light will reflect onto the sides of the subject. Remember that the keyer will remove anything of that color. You don't want to see half of the presenter's face disappear along with the background.

Lighting is vital. The background needs an even light level and consistent color temperature. The subject also needs to be lit with lights in front, above and to the side. A technique to avoid green lighting on the subject is to use pink lighting from the rear, facing the subject. They will help to remove the green cast from the backdrop and make for a far cleaner line around the subject.

Idea number 3

Forget the green background and go for a white one instead. You will need studio lighting with pure green gels to illuminate the white screen. It has the same effect as using a green material with white lights but it is more important to make sure that the subject lighting doesn't wash out the color of the screen. Other than that, it works the same way as a green screen and some studio engineers and cameramen love the technique.

Idea number 4

Paint one wall of the living room green. Cheap and easy to light. If you are married, then forget idea number 4.

Idea number 5

First take a glass beaded projection screen, or a screen that is designed to reflect light back towards the light source. High reflectivity material on construction jackets and traffic signs will work as well but you will need a sheet of it large enough for the shot.

Next, take 10 to 20 green LEDs, mount them on a ring that will fit around the lens of the camera and wire them to a power supply. There are some techniques for wiring them that you may need help with but it's not difficult. When the LEDs are lit, the reflective screen will bounce the green light straight back to the camera. It provides a very clean color and because there is so little green light being generated, it has almost no effect on the subject. There are some commercially available systems that use this technique but they are expensive for the amateur film maker. It may take some trial and error but the results can be very good indeed.

In all cases, use the very best chroma-keyer that you can get your hands on. With good lighting and a good chroma-keyer, it should be possible to have glass, smoke and very fine blonde hair separated from the background without noticeable green spill.

A final word: Studio staff have gained experience of chroma-key over many years. Don't expect to get great results straight away. It takes practice and it is an art as much as it is a science. Make time to experiment with as many subjects and lighting schemes as you can find. Try the challenging subjects like glass and smoke. If you can get a wisp of smoke clearly in the subject and not faded into the green background, then consider yourself an expert.

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15y ago

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