ifconfig <if device> inet <ip address>
Assuming you're not using DHCP (in which case it would be set automatically), you would use:ifconfig eth0 10.10.0.1substituting the correct interface card and IP address, of course.
There is no need to "activate" anything. If the LAN card is supported, it will be set up automatically and internet access will be immediately available.
Any attempt to use an already existing address on a LAN will be rejected, and the second or succeeding system will have their address set to 0.0.0.0. Duplicate addresses are not allowed in a LAN; the addresses must be unique.
First, you have to know what the default gateway address for your LAN segment is. This might mean talking to your network administrator. Usually this address is set automatically by the DHCP protocol, so you don't need to do anything. If you are using a set of static addresses, then you can specify the default gateway address in one of the Windows network dialog boxes. For Unix/Linux, the 'ifconfig' command allows you to set the default gateway address. For server 2008 (including Server 2008 Core) use the netsh command to set the default gateway address (if not using DHCP).
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There sometimes are "Wake on LAN" parameters that can be set in BIOS which will boot a connected computer if the LAN card receives a command.
The 'professional' versions of Windows since NT4 (at least) have allowed you to assign multiple IP addresses to a single card. Use the advanced properties tab for the IP or IPV4 configuration to set multiple addresses.
Network Address Translation (NAT) became helpful when IPv4 was running out of IP addresses to give. Using NAT in a Local Area Network (LAN) allows you to have one IP address given to you by your ISP (207.68.35.18 for example) which would be your WAN or Outside IP Address. If you needed to access a server inside your LAN when you are not connected to your LAN, using NAT would allow you to set up an IP address for that server and allow you to remotely use that server outside your LAN.
Ethernet is a set of protocols to establish a LAN.
The older protocol for this purpose was BOOTP, but modern addressing LAN schemes today will use DHCP.
No. This would cause many conflicts and most routers will not let to even set this manually.
Interconnecting a set of LANs using switches is called Switched LAN