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On a BIOS-based machine, you configure your bootloader (Usually GRUB.) to boot it. It will load a kernel, initramfs image, and pass along the kernel command line and execute the kernel, which will handle the rest of the Linux boot process.

On UEFI-based machines, it can either work the same way as BIOS machines (Bootloader configuration.) or the kernel can be loaded directly via the EFI Boot Stub feature, which means the system firmware can directly load and execute the kernel. In this case there needs to be a way for the initramfs and kernel command line to be passed. The "official" way involves building both right into the kernel, which has the downside of any configuration or early userspace changes to recompile the kernel to work. The other way is to use a boot manager like rEFInd which can pass a bootstubbed kernel what it needs for boot almost as if it was a bootloader.

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