If you can not open a pot let the pot cool, if it is a pressure-cooker the rubber may be ruptured JUST LEAVE until completely cooled. If it is just a stuck lid you may be able to pry it off, with a knife. Just be sure to pry it off on a side of the pan so any steam that escapes will not hit your face or hands.
Normally you would twist the lid, it should unscrew with about a quarter turn.
If the lid is stuck, then used a tea towel to help grip the lid and try again.
If the lid still won't move carefully pierce a small hole in the lid to allow air in, then try again, it should unscrew quite easily.
If you are referring to a lid on a Mason or Ball jar of home made canned goods then the answer is a bit different. You unscrew the rim that is on the jar. Most home canning cooks remove these rims when storing their canned goods so you may have only the lid that is sealed to the glass jar. To remove this lid use an old fasioned bottle cap opener and lift the edge of the lid from the glass jar. Do not put a hole in the lid. You should have the rim to screw the lid back onto the jar if you need to store leftovers.
The lid will expand and loosen the grip on the jar.
Because the metal lid expands quicker than the glass jar - making it loose.
The heat causes the metal lid to expand, making it slightly bigger.
A Mason or canning jar.
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3 things that are translucent are windows, a glass lid, and a glass jar.
1. If the jar had been previously open, the inside of the lid or the screw area of the jar may have gotten moist from the material in the jar. Putting the jar back in the refrigerator will cool the material on the lid making it less viscose (thicker) and possibly stickier making it harder to separate the lid from the jar. 2. Putting a jar in the refrigerator will make it colder. Because of the physical properties of metal and glass or plastic, the cold will make the metal lid contract/shrink more than the rest of the jar. Although the degree of shrinkage is very small, it could be enought to tighten the lid around the jar making it harder to remove the lid.
Cover it with a thick lid.
Heat should not cause a jar to seal more tightly. There is an excellent reason for this, and it lies in the physics of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of materials. If you run hot water on the (stuck) lid of a glass jar, the jar will undergo only a little thermal expansion. The metal lid however, will expand more than the glass, and will do it more rapidly, too. Running a jar under a bit of hot water should act to loosen the lid instead of tighten it. The CTE of metals is higher than that of glass, and the lid, because it is metal, will also have a higher rate of thermal conductivity than the glass. Thermal energy will move through it more quickly to change its size. This double whammy should not cause the lid of the jar to tighten. If the lid is still stuck, then insufficient force has been applied to it to get it unstuck. Increased care is indicated as efforts are redoubled to remove the lid.
I use a glass jar with a screw on lid. It can be frozen and put into the microwave with the lid off to thaw. So, there are several advantages using the jar.
There are two main components to the answer. Both depend upon the fact that metal and glass expand when heated: 1) The metal in the lid might be a kind of metal which expands faster than glass when heated. So, if you heat the jar and the lid together to above room temperature, the lid will become a little too big for the jar, and will come off more easily. 2) If you direct the heat to the lid only, and avoid heating the glass, the lid will get hotter than the glass, and will expand, while the size of the jar remains the original size. This, too, will cause the lid to be too big for the jar, and cause it to come off more easily.
Often, lids are made of metals which are great conductors of electromagnetic waves (including heat). When warm water is applied to a "difficult" lid, excitement of the atoms in the metal occurs (very slight) which causes a slight expansion. This expansion helps the lid to be moved from it's grip on the jar or bottle. This is also found in plastics. Although not through expansions. The heat from the warm water literally softens the plastic.