Sediments that have lithified, or become sedimentary rock, often contain marine and non-marine animal and plant fossils. These fossils are of organisms that existed only in certain time periods in Earth's history. Identifying the fossils reveals a general age of the rock, give or take some tens of millions of years. Actual age can be roughly estimated by means of radiometric dating.
Shale forms from the compaction of mud or clay sediments, often in quiet water environments such as lakes or deep ocean basins. These sediments are typically rich in fine particles such as clay minerals and organic matter, which bond together to create the layered structure of shale.
Old Continental cratons with diatremes or in sediments derived from such.
The oldest sediments recovered by deep-ocean drilling are around 180 million years old. These sediments are typically found in the Pacific Ocean and provide valuable information about Earth's history and past environmental conditions.
Transgression
Schistosity tells about the transportation, deposition and compaction of sediments in terms of shape, size etc
The three types of ocean floor sediments are Terrigenous, Biogenous, and Hydrogenous sediments.
Old Red Sandstone is formed from the accumulation of sand and mud sediments, which solidify over time through compaction and cementation. These sediments were deposited in ancient river and lake environments during the Devonian period, around 419-359 million years ago. The distinctive red color of Old Red Sandstone rocks is due to the presence of iron oxide minerals in the sediments.
One interesting thing about sedimentary rocks is that since they are comprised of many different sediments, we are able to learn about where it was formed. For example, the sediments present in a conglomerate can tell us a little bit about the history of the rock.
Texturally mature sediments are typically well-sorted, meaning they have a uniform grain size, and often exhibit rounded grains due to extensive weathering and transport. Compositionally mature sediments contain stable minerals, like quartz, and lack unstable minerals such as feldspar or mica. In contrast, immature sediments tend to be poorly sorted with a mix of grain sizes and angular shapes, and they often include a variety of minerals, indicating limited transport and weathering.
Pressure of water and other sediments.
terrigenous or continental sediments
you can tell by how many stripes they have on there shell