Recharge: By having a positive charge applied to the positive contact of the battery, and by having a negative charge applied to the negative contact of the battery.
Discharge: complete a circuit between both contacts of the battery.
Sulfation can happen when battery is not fully charged and remains discharged
An auto battery does emit hydrogen gas when it is being charged or discharged but it does not contain gas per se.
It is always good to charge a battery to its full capacity before it is fully charged.
Usually from being discharged in below freezing weather. The water will freeze in a dead battery, expand, & swell the battery. This won't occur with a fully charged battery.
A battery float charger is intended only to keep a fully charged battery from losing its charge. It will NOT work to charge a battery that is discharged or damaged. Check the voltage of the battery to be charged. Do not use charger if the battery voltage is less than 9.6 volts.
The acid turns to water. Batteries will freeze in cold weather if they are discharged. When the battery is charged, the water turns back to acid.
Yes, it shouldn't be any different from leaving your cellphone with a discharged battery in it. If you have an immobilizer or alarm, it may require resetting once the battery has been charged.
Assuming neither battery is used to start the engine, simply connect the positive (+) terminal of the first battery to the positive terminal of the second battery. Then connect the negative (-) terminal of the first battery to the negative terminal of the second battery. Connect the load circuit to the positive and negative terminals of one of the batteries as usual. You may want to charge the batteries separately before making the connection, since connecting a charged battery to a discharged battery will result in a very large current flowing from the charged battery to the discharged battery, possibly damaging the wiring or either battery.
You sure can! I charge a marine battery with a 75 watt panel and it goes from a fairly good discharged state to fully charged in about four days.
A rechargable deep cycle battery can be fully discharged without damaging the battery. Any auto battery cannot be discharged without damaging the battery. Any dry cell rechargable battery can be fully discharged without damaging the battery.
Not a 'discharging' battery. Depends on the type of battery. A lead acid battery gives off Hydrogen when 'charging', which could be hazardous to health, if a spark causes it to explode. A 'discharged' battery can have an impact on it's own health. Best to keep them charged.
It's extremely explosive and is also dangerous to breath. The sulfuric acid in the battery will be trapped in the fumes as droplets. This is very hazardous to your health. It is also known as Hydrogen Sulfate.