The capacitor can discharge over the connecting wires; i.e., outside the capacitor. Some discharge can also occur over the dielectric, since it will not insulate completely.
The main element of a capacitor is dielectric material.
Plastic dielectric
capacitors are classified on the basis of dielectric material used inside it. For example the electrolytic capacitor consist electrolyte as dielectric mica capacitor consist mica as dielectric between plates and ceramic capacitor consist ceramic as dielectric.
Plastic dielectric
Capacitors are named after their dielectrics. So, an 'air capacitor' uses air as its dielectric, a 'mica capacitor' uses mica as its dielectric, and so on. There are lots of different dielectric used to separate the plates of a capacitor, each with different permittivities and dielectric strengths. As the perfect dielectric (i.e. one with both a very high permittivity and a very high dielectric strength) doesn't occur, the choice of dielectric is always a compromise between it permittivity and dielectric strength.
Mica sheet
The dielectric,usually the insulator between the plates of a capacitor, can be overstressed by the application of too high voltages applied to the capacitor plates. The dielectric breaks down and a current flows between the plates until,either they are discharged, or an equilibrium is reached,below the working voltage of the capacitor. If the dielectric is damaged in this process he capacitor must be replaced. Some dielectric material self heal and can recover from an over voltage.
The material of the isolator between the plates of a capacitor affects the capacity of it. The dielectric constant of this material contributes to both the capacitance and the quality of a capacitor.
Yes possible. As a capacitor even with air as dielectric allows alternating current to pass through the capacitor filled with some material as dielectric would allow current to pass through it
The dielectric material between the plates.
A capacitor whose dielectric material consists of oiled paper sandwiched between two layers of metallic foil.
It is the element by which the electric field between the charges is diminished in respect to vacuum. In like manner, relative permittivity is the proportion of the capacitance of a capacitor utilizing that material as a dielectric, contrasted with a comparative capacitor that has vacuum as its dielectric.