food
They have the basic intelligence they need to survive in their environment.
No, cougars cannot drink ocean water when they have no fresh water. Like humans, cougars require fresh water in order to live.
Eastern cougars were hunted to extinction in the beginning of the last century. The only surviving member of this race is the endangered Florida panther, of whom some 80 survive.
Water
Yes, there are many 'hairy' animals in the desert - cougars, bobcats, bears, badgers, raccoons, etc.
Yes, cougars are adapted to almost any biome and are found in all the deserts of North and South America.
Lungfish survive intense heat and and in active state called extivation
Most jaguars live in the tropics where there is little difference in temperature between summer and winter.
They would not survive.
Male cougars are simply called cougars, there is no special term. Female cougars are she-cougars and baby cougars are known as cubs.
Cold blooded animals cannot survive without heat energy because heat energy is necessary for their survival.