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Q: How does a debit to an expense account ultimately affect retained earnings?
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What is a closed revenue and expense account to retained earnings called?

When you close the accounts, it totals into retained earnings, so in turn, it is essentially retained earnings.


Are negative retained earnings included in balance sheet?

Retained earnings can become negative, creating a deficit. The retained earnings general ledger account is adjusted every time a journal entry is made to an expense or income account.


Which accounts are closed in the closing entries?

Closing entries close out your temporary or "income statement" accounts, as well as your dividends paid account. All of your revenue accounts increase your retained earnings, expense accounts decrease retained earnings, and dividends paid decrease retained earnings.


What are the differences between dividend and expense accounts?

Dividend account is the account used to record money paid on stock such as common stock, this comes out of retained earnings. Expense accounts are expenses that the company has to maintain operation and come out of Revenue, before dividends are calculated. A company may choose to not pay dividends on stock for a year (or so) if the company's retained earnings do not meat a certain amount.


What effect do revenues and expenses have on retained earnings?

Revenues Increase and Expense Decreases.


What accounts is NOT a permanent account A cash B accounts payable C salaries expense D thomas bernard capital?

Salaries expense is not a permanent account because it will ultimately be closed to retained earning account at the end of fiscal year and from new year salaries expense account start with nill balance.


Is dividend paid an expense in income statement?

No a dividend is not an expense. It is generally a reduction of retained earnings in the equity section of the balance sheet.


What increases retained earnings balance sheet?

more revenue or less expense or a combinatio of both


Dividend account is treated as either asset account liability account or expense account?

Hi, Dividends are paid out of retained earnings (part of Capital) therefore I think Dividends can not be treated as an expense (the prudence being increase in Capital can not be treated as Revenue thats Cash generation while dividends are Surplus appropriation). regards, Zeeshan


Which of the following items has no effect on retained earnings expense land purchase dividends revenue?

Land purchase


What account shows the total gross earnings that the employer incurs as an expense each payday?

Wages expense


How do you calculate gross equity?

Owner's Equity = Contributed Capital ± Retained Earnings Contributed capital is money that has been contributed to a company by its owners or by a direct investment made by stockholders in a corporation. A company would have stockholders if that company sells shares or stock. Retained earnings is a companys' accumulated profits that have been put back or reinvested into the company. Some examples of retained earnings are supplies expense, rent expense, wages expense, interest expense, utilities expense, sales revenue, cost of goods sold, and depreciation expense. A return on equity (ROE) is the net income divided by stockholders' equity. Assets = Liabilities + Owners Equity