It has to do with the tightness with which the head is stretched over the shell. The tighter the drum head, the higher the pitch, and vice versa. If the drum has a head on the top and bottom of the shell, the pitch is more controlled from the top head whereas resonance is more effected by the bottom head.
the bass drum produces the lowest pitch
It depends largely on how it is tuned. A large drum will generally produce a lower sound, but this is because they are usually tuned to produce that pitch because smaller drum heads do not have enough surface area to create that low a pitch without becoming floppy. Likewise, a large drum head such as a floor tom can produce a higher pitch, but not as high as a very small drum like a piccolo snare.
I'll use a few common instruments for example. On a piano, pitch would be which key you hit. The keys on the right will create a higher pitch while the left keys will create a lower pitch. The volume merely depends on how hard the key is hit. It is possible to have loud or quiet notes of any pitch. On a guitar, the higher the fret the higher the note, while volume depends on the force of the strumming. For drums, the pitch would depend on the size of the drum; the larger the drum, the lower the pitch. Volume would depend on how hard the drum is hit.
No, the bass drum is not pitched because it does not play the melody to a song it only plays the beat .
If the drum is larger, most likely that the pitch is lower.
A snare drum sound like a hit on the roof or the hit on your wall.
Drums come in a verity of sizes and depths each can be tuned by adding tension to the drum head, the smaller the drum the smaller the surface area of the drum head this can have a lot of tension put in and will create a higher pitch. The Smaller tom-toms are normally called tenor tom-toms but bongos played by hand can be tuned high. The Snare drum can also have a high pitch as well but all in all it depends on how the individual drum is set up.
The area in which you drum will not change the pitch but change the way in which you hear the drum. The sound may last longer or less, it may be loud or quiet.
snare drum
The timpani or sometimes called kettle drum.
A snare drum can be tuned to any pitch. Most orchestral percussionists tune their snare to either an A or B Flat.
You can tune a bass drum by turning.the knobs to the right to tighten or left to loosen on the rim of the drum. Loosen it for a lower pitch, tighten for higher pitch.