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Thermodynamics
You must be referring to the two Laws of Thermodynamics. Stated in terms of energy: 1. The First Law of Thermodynamics is the Law of Conservation of Energy, meaning that energy can not be created or destroyed. 2. However, useful energy is continuously being converted into unusable energy. This is irreversible. This is the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
an open system through which both energy and mass can transfer
It was found to be more fundamental than the other laws. It should therefore be the first law, but at that time, renumbering all the laws was deemed impractical, since the terms "First Law" and "Second Law" were already well-established.
System has different meaning in different disciplines of science. For eg system in biology may refer to organ system whereas in thermodynamics it means a region in space( a combustion engine, reaction chamber etc) that is under observation.
No. Success at math is more likely to improve your skills at thermodynamics. All sciences benefit from some degree of math skill even if only for the ability to think in logical terms.
The first law of thermodynamics can be used to explain the operation of a battery. The law states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. This can be used to explain how the energy of a battery is converted from chemical to electrical energy.
It gets used up. In terms of the laws of thermodynamics: it gets converted into lower-quality energy, such as heat.
Every reaction in the universe increases the disorder, or entropy, of the universe. This is because energy that goes into a reaction is usable energy, but after the reaction, the energy is not usable anymore.
Diesel engine
Horsepower is the power of an engine measured in terms of 550 foot-pounds per second (745.7 watts). CC stands for cubic centimeter, a unit of volume.
It has to do with the size of the engine.