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The most critical factor that allows liquid water to exist is the average temperature of the planet. This is primarily dependent on the temperature of the star it orbits, and its distance from the star. Other lesser but important factors include atmospheric composition and pressure, rate of rotation, and inclination to the orbital plane.

If our solar system is typical, there is a huge amount of water in space, but it is mostly frozen solid on far planets, asteroids, and comets (and in the rings of Saturn). The liquid phase requires a temperature that is warmer, but not too warm. Astronomers refer to the potentially human-habitable region around any given star as the "Goldilocks zone" or Liquid Water Belt.

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Q: How does a planet's distance from its star affect the chances of liquid water?
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