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A propeller on a submarine (which is called a screw, by the way) works to convert the rotational energy of the shaft into propulsion.

The screw is a hydrofoil with blades attached to a heavy central hub or boss. The blades are inclined to the plane of rotation. For forward motion, the screw rotates in a given direction, and the leading edge of the screw "bites" into the water ahead of the plane of rotation. This has the effect of pushing water backwards. The rest of the blade follows along and continues to push the water backward. When water is forced back, the submarine is forced forward, and this is a play out of the action-reaction chapter in a physics book.

A link can be found below for more information, and you can see a diagram or two, which will help greatly.

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Q: How does a propeller work on a submarine?
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