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Good question! Under an Accrual Accounting system, depreciation is a method of allocating the expense of the purchase of a long-term asset over the life of the asset. Conversely, under a cash accounting system, you would recognize expenses on the purchase of long-term assets as you pay cash for them.

Under an accrual system, you first capitalize the asset on your balance sheet by debiting your asset (such as equipment or a building), and crediting cash or Accounts Payable by the same amount. Over the useful life of the asset, you would systematically depreciate it in a way that you feel best reflects the way the asset is used. While the simplest depreciation method is straight-line, there are many different methods out there. At the end of the period, you debit depreciation expense for the amount incurred, and credit accumulate depreciation for the same amount. This recognizes an expense for the current period, while concurrently reducing the carrying value of the asset. Once the asset has been fully depreciated, any final carrying value is known as the "scrap" or residual value.

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Q: How does accrual accounting handle depreciation?
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