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Water infiltrates the ground and seeps downwards through the soil.
When it meets a layer of rock, then
(i) if the rock is highly permeable by nature (sandstones, etc) the water will saturate the rock. It will also saturate highly fractured rock, so it's possible for igneous rock such as granite to form an aquifer. The best combination is highly fractured, permeable rock.
(ii) if the rock is impermeable (unfractured granite, for example) the water will "pool" on top of this - it is a confining aquifer.
So we can get permeable rock layers (saturated with water) sitting above impermeable layers (that prevent the water sinking any lower) , and this is how we get groundwater.
It's possible for groundwater to flow, and a lot of groundwater eventually flows into streams and rivers.
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