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Botulinum toxin (aka. Botox, produced by the bacteria Clostridium Botulinum) causes paralysis by disrupting exocytosis of acetylcholine into the neuromuscular junction. When a nerve impulse reaches the neuromuscular junction, it normally triggers vesicles storing acetylcholine to fuse with the axonal membrane, releasing its contents into the junction where acetylcholine can trigger an action potential in the muscle fibre. Failure of the vesicle to fuse and release its contents into the junction deprives the muscle of any kind of signal that would cause contraction, thereby paralyzing it.

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