It gets produced form glucose aerobic metabolism that consists of 4 steps:
1.glycolisis = 2 ATPs +2 NADH
2.pyruvate oxidative decarboxilation = 1 NADH *2 (because we have 2 pyruvates from the glycolisis)
3. Krebs cycle = (3NADH + 1FADH + 1ATP) * 2
4.Cellular respiration cycle - process where all the NADH and FADH are converted to ATPs. Each NADH = 3ATP, but FADH=2ATP.
Thus we get:
1. 8 ATPs
2. 6 ATPs (3*2)
3. 24 ATPs (12*2)
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38 ATPs
The molecules are the natural byproduct of the cellular respiration process.
Cellular respiration, which includes glycolysis, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain can create 38 ATP molecules.
Complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose, although it is the maximum theoretical yield.
Cellular Respiration
In aerobic respiration 38 ATPs are produced. In anerobic respiration only 2 are produced
4
32-38
36 ATP
Electron Transport Phosphorylation(chemiosmosi) produces 32 ATPs
36~38 ATPs
2 ATPs used, 4 ATPs formed and 2 NADPHs produced
36 to 38 ATPs
In aerobic respiration 38 ATPs are produced. In anerobic respiration only 2 are produced
36 in somatic cells and 38 in liver and heart cells.
In general terms we can say that for every molecule of glucose 38 molecules of ATP are formed. Here is how it works: The 12 electron pairs involved in glucose oxidation are not transferred directly to O2. Rather, they are transferred to the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD to form 10 NADH + 2 FADH2 in the reactions catalyzed by the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and the citric acid cycle enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and the malate dehydrogenase. The electrons then pass into the electron transport chain where, through reoxidation of NADH and FADH2, they participate in the sequential oxidation-reduction of per 10 redox centers before reducing O2 to H2O. In this process, protons are expelled from the mitochondrion. The free energy stored in the resulting pH gradient drives the synthesis of ATP form ADP and Pi through oxidative phosphorylation. Reoxidation of each NADH results in the synthesis of 3 ATPs, and reoxidation of FADH2 yields 2 ATPs for a total of 38 ATPs for each glucose completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O (including the 2 ATPs made in glycolysis and the 2 ATPs made in the citric acid cycle).The stoichiometric analysis can be expressed as:C6H12O6 + 38ADP + 38Pi + 6O2 - 6CO2 + 44H2O + 38ATPMoreover, the net gain of a single molecule of glucose can be analyzed as follows:Glucolysis produces directly 2 NADH, 4 ATPs, and 2 ATPs are consumed, giving a yield of 8 ATPs.Pyruvate oxydation produces 2 NADH to yield 6 ATPs.Acetyl-CoA oxydation (citric acid cycle) produces 6 NADH to yield 18 ATPs, 2 FADH2 to yield 4 ATPs, 2 ATPs or 2 GTPs formed directly, within the citric acid cycle, to yield 2 ATPs.Therefore, the total yield per molecule of glucose is 38.Finally, we have to consider that the final yield of ATP from glucose can be 36 instead of 38 because the number depends upon on which shuttle system is used to transfer reducing equivalents (2 NADH formed in cytosol during glycolisis) into the mitochondrial matrix.
Even if the mitochondria is gone, the cell still can make energy. However, the cell can only make 2 ATPs at a time by going through glycolysis, while the mitochondria can make 36 or sometimes 38 ATPs. Because the number can drastically drop, your energy level will fall sharply.
During glycolysis, there is a net gain of 2 ATP, that is to say that four ATP were actually produced, but it took two to get the whole thing started, so only two were really gained (kind of like a profit)
A net gain of 2ATP occurs during glycolysis.
4
2 ATPs
ATPs