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In general terms we can say that for every molecule of glucose 38 molecules of ATP are formed. Here is how it works: The 12 electron pairs involved in glucose oxidation are not transferred directly to O2. Rather, they are transferred to the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD to form 10 NADH + 2 FADH2 in the reactions catalyzed by the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and the citric acid cycle enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and the malate dehydrogenase. The electrons then pass into the electron transport chain where, through reoxidation of NADH and FADH2, they participate in the sequential oxidation-reduction of per 10 redox centers before reducing O2 to H2O. In this process, protons are expelled from the mitochondrion. The free energy stored in the resulting pH gradient drives the synthesis of ATP form ADP and Pi through oxidative phosphorylation. Reoxidation of each NADH results in the synthesis of 3 ATPs, and reoxidation of FADH2 yields 2 ATPs for a total of 38 ATPs for each glucose completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O (including the 2 ATPs made in glycolysis and the 2 ATPs made in the citric acid cycle).
The stoichiometric analysis can be expressed as:
C6H12O6 + 38ADP + 38Pi + 6O2 - 6CO2 + 44H2O + 38ATP
Moreover, the net gain of a single molecule of glucose can be analyzed as follows:
- Glucolysis produces directly 2 NADH, 4 ATPs, and 2 ATPs are consumed, giving a yield of 8 ATPs.
- Pyruvate oxydation produces 2 NADH to yield 6 ATPs.
- Acetyl-CoA oxydation (citric acid cycle) produces 6 NADH to yield 18 ATPs, 2 FADH2 to yield 4 ATPs, 2 ATPs or 2 GTPs formed directly, within the citric acid cycle, to yield 2 ATPs.
Therefore, the total yield per molecule of glucose is 38.
Finally, we have to consider that the final yield of ATP from glucose can be 36 instead of 38 because the number depends upon on which shuttle system is used to transfer reducing equivalents (2 NADH formed in cytosol during glycolisis) into the mitochondrial matrix.
What else can I help you with?
In glycolysis for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate?
Two molecules of ATP are consumed in the energy investment phase, while four molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH are produced in the energy payoff phase. This results in a net gain of two molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate.
How many ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose during glycolysis?
In glycolysis two net molecules of ATP are formed. Four ATP are formed but two are required in the initial activation of glucose.
Each time a molecule of glucose is completely oxidized by aerobic respiration how many oxygen molecules are required?
Exactly four. Wouldn't it actually be six because the glucose molecule is set up as : C6H12O6? Yes, it's actually 6
What produces 4 ATP but uses 2 ATP?
Anaerobic respiration produces approximately 2 ATP per molecule of glucose. It actually produced four ATP molecules, but two are needed during the respiration process, giving a net of two ATP molecules.
What statement describes what happens with ATP during glycolysis?
During glycolysis, ATP is both consumed and produced. Two molecules of ATP are consumed in the initial steps of glycolysis to activate the glucose molecule. However, four molecules of ATP are then produced during the later steps, resulting in a net gain of two ATP molecules per glucose molecule metabolized.
How many atoms of hydrogen are needed to build four molecules of glucose?
A molecule of glucose has 6 atoms of carbon, 12 atoms of hydrogen, and 6 atoms of oxygen. Therefore, to build four molecules of glucose, you would need 48 atoms of hydrogen (12 atoms of hydrogen per molecule of glucose multiplied by 4 molecules).
How much ATP does glycolisis produce?
2Actually it produces four. But two are used in the mechanism
What is the net number of ATP produced in glycolysis?
During glycolysis it makes a net amount of 2 molecules of ATP. Fermentation happens anaerobically (without oxygen) and the reduction of pyruvate into lactate itself does not yield any ATP. But I think the answer you are looking for is 2 ATP.
How many moleculesof ATP are released from one molecule of glucose?
Four molecules
What are four molecules in the body?
Here are 4 molecules found in the human body: water, glucose, ammonia and glutamate.
How many molecules of ATP are produced via glycolysis when starting with one molecule of glucose?
Four
In the cell's respiration of glucose forming two molecules of pyruvic acid four atoms of are removed?
hydrogen
What is the chemical formula for sugar joining 3 glucose molecules?
Three molecules of water are released when the four glucose molecules are joined.
How many trips through the citric acid cycle does it take to break down four glucose molecules?
Two trips through the cycle are needed to break down one glucose so 2 x 4 = 8 trips .
What does glucose oxidation not yield?
oxidation of glucose, is the breakdown of glucose in ATP through four main process 1) glycolysis 2) preparation of pyruvic acid 3) citric acid cycle and 4) oxidative phosphorylation
How many monosaccharide are needed to form one maltose molecule?
Two monosaccharides are needed to form one maltose molecule. Specifically, maltose is comprised of two glucose molecules joined together through a condensation reaction, which releases a molecule of water.
In aerobic respiration how many molecules of acetic acid are produced from six molecules of glucose?
One
