genetic drift is the change in genes due solely to chance.bottleneck effect and founder's effect are both examples of how chance effects the genes.
the possible combination for the F2 are: by example if we have the gene T dominant and t recessive from the father and the same gene Tt from the mother . the gene possible will be TT,Tt,Tt and tt.
Punnett square
two tall genes or one tall gene and one short gene
Offspring inherit a combination of genes from both parents, but this doesn't necessarily mean they maintain the exact gene combinations of either parent. Genetic recombination and independent assortment during meiosis result in unique combinations of genes in offspring. These genetic variations contribute to the diversity within a species.
If both parents carry a recessive gene, there is a 25% chance that their child will inherit two copies of the recessive gene, leading to the expressed trait or condition. There is a 50% chance the child will inherit one copy of the gene and be a carrier like the parents, and a 25% chance the child will not inherit the gene at all. This is based on the principles of Mendelian genetics.
it depends on whether the parents have a black parents to have a black baby both parents must have a black parent to posses the gene to create the black baby, even so, if both parents are white it means that the "black" gene is recessive (doesn't affect there skin colour but still carry the gene), when both parents have this recessive gene it means that there a 1/4 chance of the baby being black I'm not sure if this is the exact chance but in theory it should lie around 1/4
it changes it
Having two alleles of the same gene in an individual's genetic makeup is significant because it can determine the individual's traits and characteristics. Alleles are different forms of a gene that can influence how a specific trait is expressed. Having two alleles of the same gene can result in different combinations that can affect the individual's physical appearance, behavior, and susceptibility to certain diseases.
Each parent can pass on one of two alleles for each gene to their offspring. This results in four possible combinations: A-B, A-b, a-B, and a-b, where A and a represent alleles from one gene and B and b represent alleles from another gene.
Basically, in three ways. Independent orientation of the chromosomes in meiosis. Crossing over in chromosomes in meiosis. Random fertilization; the random mathching of any sperm/egg combination in fertilization.
alok