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How does digital clock work?

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Anonymous

10y ago
Updated: 7/20/2022

A digital clock works "electronically" using electricity and digital circuitry. This sets aside the clock that simply has a "digital display" wherein the numbers representing the time are moved by some mechanism, but the clock does not have a "digital" time base. Let's look a bit more closely.

The "heart" of any clock is the mechanism that provides a time base. It can be mechanical, like it was with the first clocks (and many current one), or it can be electrical. With some electrical clocks, the time base is delivered by the AC power source. The frequency of the AC power grid is generally stable over a long period, and a sychronous electric motor that "syncs" with a "good" line voltage will maitain its accuracy over a period of years. But the newest clocks are often digital.

In a digital clock, a digital circuit provides the time base. Some kind of crystal is specifically cut to vibrate at a fixed rate (and with a high degree of accuracy). The vibration of the crystal is electronically monitored, and is maitained by a small voltage that is fed back to the crystal from associated circuits. What comes out of this oscillator is a time base that can be counted and divided down by other electronic components to deliver a "tick" that the display keeps track of.

Some of the newer clocks do all of the electronic "stuff" described, but also have a radio receiver that locks on to a NIST (National Instutute of Science and Technology) time signel. (NIST used to be the National Bureau of Standards, NBS.) NIST broadcasts a "time tick" on a number of different frequencies, and their atomic clocks are among the most accurate in the world. The new "atomic clocks" we can purchase are digital clocks that have receivers that lock on to and sync up with the NIST time signals to maintain accuracy.

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Amie Smitham

Lvl 10
3y ago

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