If there were no gravity the sun would not have condensed from a gaseous nebula and Mars would not have coalesced from the dust cloud that formed around the early sun.
Gravity holds the sun and Mars together in orbits around their combined centre of mass. If there were no gravity then Mars would fly off into space.
Yes, Mars' gravity affects other objects just like any other planetary body. The strength of Mars' gravity is about 38% of Earth's gravity, so objects will weigh less on Mars than on Earth. This weaker gravity also influences things like the orbit of spacecraft around Mars.
The Sun's gravity combined with the tangential ("sideways") velocity of Mars.
I don't think you understand the gravity of this situation!!
No planets orbit around Mars. There are two moons that orbit around Mars.
Mars, just like every other planet in the solar system, orbits because of the gravity from the sun. The sun is "pulling" on the planets which causes them to orbit around it.
The simple fact that they orbit Mars, suggests that they were captured by Mars' gravity.
Yes, the two moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos, are held by Mars' gravity. The gravitational force of Mars keeps these moons in orbit around the planet as they move through space.
Mars is too far from Jupiter to be significantly affected by its gravity.
No, Mars does not orbit around the Earth. The moon orbits around around the Earth. Both Earth and Mars orbit around the sun, but Mars is farther away from the sun.
The weightless astronaut landed on Mars, which has no gravity.
The Sun's gravity pulls on: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Gravity is a force that pulls the planets or a force to push. Gravity is on the Earth, gravity is floated in space. So the Sun's gravity keeps the planets to orbit the Sun.
Mars orbits the sun instead of Earth because all planets, including Mars, orbit the sun due to the sun's gravitational pull. The gravitational force exerted by the sun on Mars is stronger than the gravitational force between Earth and Mars. This gravitational force keeps Mars in orbit around the sun.