Isolation such as geological can cause speciation because if one species where divided into two because of geological reasons, they're likely to change their behaviors and physical appearances to match that region.
Allopactric ( other country ) speciation.
speciation
Isolation Is necessary for speciation to occur.
Reproductive isolation is a type of speciation. Reproductive isolation is when a species divides forming two subspecies, due to different mating periods.
Sympatric Speciation develops within the range of the parent population. This type of speciation does not include geographical isolation, and can occur rapidly if a genetic change results in a barrier between the mutants and the parent population.
geographic isolation.
Geographic isolation Low geneflow.
That would be geographic isolation and reproductive isolation. Both could lead to speciation.
Speciation is the process by which new species arise. Speciation can be driven by reproductive isolation, which involves barriers that prevent individuals of different populations from interbreeding and producing viable offspring. The formation of these reproductive barriers is a crucial step in speciation as it leads to genetic divergence and ultimately the formation of distinct species.
reproductive, behavioral, geographic, and temporal
Reproductive isolation separates the reproduction of one population into two populations. Over time after generations, the two separate populations start living and reproducing differently, so they evolve into two separate species, which is speciation (also known as divergent evolution). Reproductive isolation and speciation reduces gene flow.
The effectiveness of geographical barriers in promoting speciation is related to the extent of isolation they create between populations, which limits gene flow. Greater isolation increases the likelihood of genetic divergence between populations and the potential for speciation to occur. Other factors, such as the size of the populations and the duration of isolation, can also influence the effectiveness of geographical barriers in promoting speciation.