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Imagine three glass tubes with equal cross-section of 1 square cm and of length 100 cm each. Fill the first tube with water to the 75cm mark, the second to the 50cm mark and the third to the 25cm mark. The density of water would be one of the following

1) Mass of the 75cm column with a cross section of 1 sq cm divided by 75 cubic cm

2) Mass of the 50cm column with a cross section of 1 sq cm divided by 50 cubic cm

3) Mass of the 25cm column with a cross section of 1 sq cm divided by 25 cubic cm

and in each case should give you an answer close to 1 gm per cubic cm. Thus the density stays the same no matter how high the water is in each tube.

On the other hand the pressure at the bottom of each tube is different and is the force exerted per unit area by the column of water in each tube which are again different. We have conveniently selected tubes with 1 sq cm (unit area in CGS system) cross sectional areas. So the weight of the column in each tube would be the pressure. Hence the pressure in the first tube would be

1) Weight of the 75cm water column = 75 x 1 x g = 75g dynes

2) Weight of the 50cm water column = 50 x 1 x g = 50g dynes

3) Weight of the 25cm water column = 25 x 1 x g = 25g dynes

Thus density remains the same for a given temperature and pressure but the pressure depends on the weight the column of liquid per unit area.

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