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Molecules in a liquid are engaged in random thermal motion; they move around at random, bouncing off each other constantly. The temperature measures the amount of this motion. At higher temperatures, they are moving faster. At lower temperatures they move more slowly. Of course, at some point you also get phase changes. Increase the temperature sufficiently and the liquid will boil; decrease it sufficiently and (with the exception of helium) it will freeze.
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What 2 factors affect the behavior of liquids?
Two factors that affect the behavior of liquids are temperature and pressure. Temperature influences the movement of molecules within the liquid, affecting viscosity and evaporation rate. Pressure can influence the boiling point and compressibility of the liquid.
How does temperature affect liquids?
Temperature affects liquids by influencing their molecular movement. As temperature increases, molecules in a liquid gain energy and move more quickly, causing them to spread out and the liquid to expand. Conversely, decreasing temperature causes molecules to slow down, leading to contraction and density increase.
What would happen if the temperature of liquids was reduced in motion of the molecules?
As the temperature is reduced, the motion of the molecules is also reduced.
How does temperature affect gas solutes?
As temperature increases, the solubility of gases in liquids generally decreases because the molecules move more rapidly and create less opportunity for bonding with the solvent molecules. Conversely, lowering the temperature can increase gas solubility as molecules have less kinetic energy and can form more stable bonds with the solvent.
What is the effect of temperature on viscocity?
As temperature increases, viscosity typically decreases for liquids, as the molecules have more energy and move more freely. However, for gases, viscosity tends to increase with temperature as the gas molecules collide more frequently at higher temperatures.
How does temperature affect vapor pressure?
Temperature directly affects vapor pressure by increasing the kinetic energy of molecules in a liquid, allowing more molecules to escape into the gas phase. As temperature increases, molecules evaporate more readily, leading to higher vapor pressures. Conversely, decreasing temperature reduces vapor pressure by slowing down the rate of evaporation.
How does temperature affect the volume of liquid?
Temperature affects the volume of liquid through thermal expansion. When the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the molecules in the liquid increases, causing them to move faster and spread out, resulting in an increase in volume. Conversely, when the temperature decreases, the molecules have less kinetic energy and move closer together, leading to a decrease in volume.
Does the size of molecules affect a liquids resistance?
Yes, the size of molecules can affect a liquid's resistance. Larger molecules tend to have higher viscosity, which is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow. This is because larger molecules have more intermolecular forces that hinder their movement.
Why bare covalent molecules typically liquids or gases?
Bare covalent molecules are typically liquids or gases because they have weak intermolecular forces between the molecules. These weak forces are not strong enough to hold the molecules closely together in a solid form, leading to a lower melting point and boiling point. As a result, bare covalent molecules tend to exist as liquids or gases at room temperature.
What a temperature increases affect collisions between molecules?
thermal effect
How does temperature affect the density of a gas?
With cooler temperatures, the gaseous molecules grow closer together and when the temperature is warmer, the gas molecules spread apart(out).
Do liquid have more molecules when cold or when warm?
Liquids generally contain more molecules when they are warm than when they are cold. As temperature increases, the molecules gain energy and move apart, allowing more molecules to occupy a given volume. Conversely, when liquids cool, the molecules lose energy and come closer together, resulting in a decrease in the number of molecules that can fit in that same volume. However, the total number of molecules in a fixed amount of substance remains constant regardless of temperature.
