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Quite a few things can disturb rock layers. Among them are:

1. Plate tectonics. As the plates pull apart or come together, rocks are pulled, pushed, pressed, raised, lowered, and basically jumbled around. There are places where the squishing has been so severe that entire layers have been turned over, so that the oldest are now on top.

2. Earthquakes. Earthquakes can break up and shift layers of rock.

3. Meteorites. Great big space rocks falling to earth do awful (and interesting!) things to nice, orderly rock layers. Barringer Meteor Crater in Arizona is a fine example: not only is there an enormous hole, but the rock layers around the rim of the crater have been completely overturned in places.

Those are a few of the common natural ways the order of rock layers can get disturbed.

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