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  • Precipitation from a fluid like H2O or CO2. This can take place within the Earth by hydrothermal processes, diagenesis, and metamorphism, and at or near the Earth's surface as a result of evaporation, weathering, or biological activity.
  • Sublimation from a vapor. This process is somewhat more rare, but can take place at a volcanic vent, or deep in space where the pressure is near vacuum.
  • Crystallization from a liquid. This takes place during crystallization of molten rock (magma) either below or at the Earth's surface.
  • Solid - Solid reactions. This process involves minerals reacting with other minerals in the solid state to produce one or more new minerals. Such processes take place during metamorphism and diagenesis due to changing temperature and pressure conditions.
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13y ago

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