Strace can be a valuable tool when debugging quirky behavior with running unix or Linux processes. It intercepts all signals that a process receives as well as all system calls the process makes. It can help one understand unusual or buggy behavior.
cat /proc/version The above answer will only work on certain systems. For most Unix systems, use the 'uname' command to get the Unix version. AIX uses the oslevel command.
There is no traditional 'execute' command in Unix.
There is no standard 'format' command in Unix.
The 'CD' command is not standard for Unix. The 'cd' command, however, will change directories (folders). It is a means of navigating the Unix file system.
In Unix, use the 'man' command.
The prompt is an indication that the system is waiting for work to do, i.e. waiting for you type in a command.
The "who" command.
The ones that are listed as part of a standard (such as Posix) will work in all UNIX systems (but not all systems, such as Windows command prompt). A lot of UNIX vendors add commands that only work in their version of UNIX, so they aren't as portable across systems as others.
dig
nslookup
Believe it or not, nslookup.
In Windows and Unix-based and Unix-like systems, the command is mkdir (however in Windows a shortcut md can be used as well).