Usually through fingerprint Scans or if in the case of travels, your passport's RFID chip.
You will have to check with an attorney that specializes in immigration law, but in this day and age, it is fairly unlikely that you would be allowed entrance to the US with an existing criminal record.
Do you mean move into the US? If you mean move in, Maybe, depends how bad your criminal record is! Good Luck!
ENTRY to the US would be doubtful with a criminal record, especially if the crimes are felonies.
Yes, a person can still travel in the US even with a criminal record for trespassing. However, some countries may not permit entry with any type of criminal record.
(in the US) your juvenile record becomes sealed after you turn adult. However, your adult criminal record is a permanent history and can only be changed by expungement
(in the US) So-called "cautions" do not appear on your criminal record. Only records of arrests, prosectuions, and court findings.
With a private light aircraft.
A yellow sheet is US slang for a criminal record.
They probably will, if the database with your criminal record is available to Mexican authorities. If they don't, you still have to return to the US. In that case, it is certain the immigration official will run a security check on you and find out that you have a criminal record.
Absolutely not.
Yes for the new passport issued after 2009. It is computerised so it just pops up.
(in the US) your state will probably have some type of expungement law to whcih you can refer to see if you qualify.