Porosity and permeability of the rock or soil is how water moves.
This is known as an aquifer.
Gravity
This is an aquifer.
Gravitational force acts against capillary action as water moves through the ground, causing it to flow downwards and away from the surface due to gravity pulling it in that direction.
water that moves on the ground
transpiration. In transpiration, water is absorbed by plant roots from the ground and then released as water vapor through tiny pores on the plant's leaves. This water vapor is then returned to the atmosphere.
Water moves into the ground to create groundwater through the process of infiltration, where water seeps into the soil and moves downward due to gravity. Once in the ground, water can be stored in underground aquifers or flow through permeable layers of rock and soil. Groundwater plays a critical role in supporting ecosystems, providing drinking water, and replenishing surface water sources like rivers and lakes.
Groundwater comes from precipitation that infiltrates the soil and percolates through rocks to collect in underground reservoirs known as aquifers. As the water moves through the ground, it dissolves minerals and nutrients, making it an important source of drinking water for many communities worldwide.
Infiltration is the process of water moving vertically down through the soil.
Gravity is the force that moves water from high ground to lower ground. Water flows downhill due to the gravitational pull, following the path of least resistance.
When water percolates through the ground, it moves downward through the soil, sand, or rock layers. This process helps recharge groundwater sources and can also filter out impurities as the water passes through the layers. Percolation plays a vital role in the water cycle by replenishing aquifers and sustaining ecosystems.
The pump that moves hot water through a hot water heater is the recirculation pump. This pump moves the water through the heater and back through the intake line.