Yes and no. Geography itself does not affect where aircraft are routed, but factors such as weather and airspace capacity will affect flight paths.
show flight path from jfk to geneva
Because a ray that passes through the center of curvature falls perpendicular to the surface (along a normal to the surface), hence it is reflected along the same path.
In the absence of air and neglecting the Earth's curvature, the path would be part of a perfect parabola.
Orbit
orbit
To determine a flight path, you must first specify your starting location.
Show flight path from Calgary to Amsterdam
The force of the curvature of the Earth, along with gravity is known as the Coriolis effect. How this would effect any long range projectile (bullets, missiles, etc.) is that it will change the path of flight. Meaning, that gravity will slowly pull the projectile down onto the surface. While the downward pull isn't at dramatic as it is for the missile (due to its constant propulsion), the curvature of the earth is VERY important. This is because you have to take in the total distance the missile is to travel in order to his its intended target. The curvature of the Earth (if the target is far enough) will not only obstruct the line of sight (especially if the target is say in another country, or a few miles away), shooting straight would be out of the question. All this, due to the curvature, this, in turn, requires missiles to be shot up, and then come down onto the target in a pyramid shape... hope this helps... oh, and to actually answer your question. The curvature of the Earth changes the time of flight on a missile because it forces us to launch the missile upwards first, then downwards. The flight path of a missile is, therefore, increased.
Toward the center of curvature of the path along which it causes the object to move.
The flight path follows a Northeast direction.
elliptical.
The immediate surroundings of any point on a curved path can be considered as part of a circle: the circle of curvature at that point. Then the tangent to the path at that point is a line that meets the path at only one point in that neighbourhood and which is perpendicular to the line joining the point to the centre of the circle or curvature. The concept can be extended to straight segments of the path by assuming that the centre of curvature is at an infinite distance. In that case, the path and its tangent are the same line.