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The nerve is basically composed of many chemicals that maintain an electrical balance between the differing chemicals within and on outer edge of nerve membrane. A stimulus such as pressure, heat, cold, needle prick changes the electrical charge of the outer chemical, potassium I think, on the nerve membrane driving the potassium ions through the nerve membrane and into the actual interior of the nerve.

When the potassium with it's +/- charge goes into the nerve membrane then it expels sodium ( I think ) out to the outer wall where the potassium is. This reciprocal process of driving similar charged ions back and forth is the actual stimulus that goes to the brain and the brain knows there has been a change.

Electrically it's the same process you see when you put two "north" ends of a magnet together then they repel each other, when you put opposite polarities they attract. This is done but on a chemical, ionic scale and we have a nerve "firing" or the creation of a "message to the brain".

Now the speed of that chemical process is called absolute or relative refractory period. This process is controlled chemical reaction and the "speed" it is done is also dependent on the type of nerve it is.

Nerves are generally classified as a, b or c fibers and each has a differing conduction speed.

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10y ago

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