26 tO 36 mps
Sirius is about 8.6 light years away which works out to about 50,600,000,000,000 (50.6 trillion) miles away.
Earth.
Space shuttles are not designed to operate outside of a low-earth orbit, where they are protected from deadly radiation by the earth's magnetic field; a mission to Sirius by a space shuttle is not even possible. For more information on the earth's radiation protective field, see the Wikipedia article:Van Allen radiation belt
It is moving at 0.01944... (recurring) miles per second.
18 miles per second
It rotates at about a 1000 miles per hour (at the equator). It revolves around the sun at about 18 miles per second. Since the sun is also moving around the core of the galaxy, and the galaxy is also moving, I'll quit here.
Earth is revolving around the sun at an average speed of about 67,000 miles per hour. Additionally, our solar system is moving through the Milky Way galaxy at roughly 514,000 miles per hour. In total, Earth is moving through space at over 580,000 miles per hour.
Just sitting still you are actually moving quite fast through space. The Earth's in its journey around the Sun moves a little under 67,000 mph - about 18.5 miles per second. But our Solar system is also in orbit around the galactic center - at about 143 miles per second. Our Milky Way is also in motion about a common center of gravity of a group of galaxies - the Local Cluster - and that cluster also is in motion - which adds a speed of about 372 miles per second.
According to Wikipedia, "Sirius B has nearly the diameter of the Earth, 12,000 kilometers (7,500 miles), with a mass that is 98% of the Sun."
You would be moving at a rate of 0.12944444 miles per second whish is equivalent to 654.133333 Feet per second.
Sirius is approximately 8.6 light-years away from Earth, which is equivalent to about 8.2 parsecs or 25.4 trillion miles. This translates to roughly 8.6 x 10^4 astronomical units (AU).
I call huge masses of rapidly moving air miles above the Earth's surface the Jet Streams.