How internal and external commands are stored and called?

What is the difference between internal and external command?

Internal commands are the commands that are executed <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> directly by the shell. These commands will not have a separate process running for each. External commands are the commands that are executed by the kernal. These commands will have a process id running for it. Internal commands are stored in the cmd.exe command interpreter, ex. Dir External commands correspond to a .com or .cmd file, ex.

What is the difference between internal and external commands in MS-DOS?

INTERNAL COMMANDSThese are those commands which are contained in command.com files of MS-DOS.These are those functions that are built into the command interpreter.There is no need of any external file in computer to read internal MS-DOS command.These commands can be used as long as DOS is running on the system.Internal commands do not vary from system to system.These are ver, time, del, md, cd, copy con, cls, date, vol, ren, copy etc.EXTERNAL COMMANDSThese are those commands which are not in-built in MS-DOS.External commands are those which are not included in the interpreter.There is a need of an internal file in the computer to read external MS-DOS command.External command may vary from system to system. This means any two computers with same version of MS-DOS may have same internal commands, but may have different external commands.These are tree, xcopy, diskcopy, more, print etc.

What is the difference between internal and external cache?

Internal cache is stored in a reserved area of the RAM of your computer. External cache is also called secondary cache or level 2 cache memory. It is external to the microprocessor and is stored on a separate chip.

Do ants have external or internal fertilisation?

Internal. The queen mates with several drones on a mating flight about a week after she emerges from the pupal cell. The sperm she receives is stored in an organ called the spermetheca and is sufficient to fertilize her eggs throughout her whole laying life.

What is ms dos explain any 5 internal dos command?

MS DOS is Microsoft Disk Operating System. It was a command-line interface, meaning the user had to type in commands to use it, unlike Windows which is a Graphical User Interface. MS DOS was released on IBM PCs when they came out in the 1980s and continued in popular use until the mid 1990s, by which time the first of the Windows operating systems, Windows 95, began to take over. MS DOS commands were either stored as individual programs, known as external commands, or in a file called Command.com, which stored more commonly used commands. These were called internal commands. Included in these would have been commands like COPY, DEL, DIR, CD and RD. COPY enabled the copying of files. DEL deleted files. DIR gave a listing of files in a directory (now called a folder). CD changed from one directory to another. RD removed a directory.

Mapping in DBMS architecture?

We know that three view-levels are described by means of three schemas. These schemas are stored in the data dictionary. In DBMS, each user refers only to its own external schema. Hence, the DBMS must transform a request on. a specified external schema into a request against conceptual schema, and then into a request against internal schema to store and retrieve data to and from the database. The process to convert a request (from external level) and the result between view levels is called mapping. The mapping defines the correspondence between three view levels. The mapping description is also stored in data dictionary. The DBMS is responsible for mapping between these three types of schemas. There are two types of mapping. (i) External-Conceptual mapping (ii) Conceptual-Internal mapping External-Conceptual Mapping An external-conceptual mapping defines the correspondence between a particular external view and the conceptual view. The external-conceptual mapping tells the DBMS which objects on the conceptual level correspond to the objects requested on a particular user's external view. If changes are made to either an external view or conceptual view, then mapping must be changed accordingly. Conceptual-Internal Mapping The conceptual-internal mapping defines the correspondence between the conceptual view and the internal view, i.e. database stored on the physical storage device. It describes how conceptual records are stored and retrieved to and from the storage device. This means that conceptual-internal mapping tells the DBMS that how the conceptual! records are physically represented. If the structure of the stored database is changed, then the mapping must be changed accordingly. It is the responsibility of DBA to manage such changes.

What is difference between internal and external data structure?

Internal SortingExternal sortingIn internal sorting all the data to sort is stored in memory at all times while sorting is in progress.In external sorting data is stored outside memory (like on disk) and only loaded into memory in small chunks.The internal sorting methods are applied to small collection of data. The External sorting methods are applied only when the number of data elements to be sorted is too large. internal sorting takes input only which can be fit into its memory...i.e. it takes small inputexternal sorting can take as much as large input…Internal sort is more flexible as we can alter or update data before and after performing internal sort whereas the same doesn't hold true for external sort.internal sorting is independent of time to read/write a recordexternal ids dependent on the same

Difference between internal storage and external storage of a computer system and give examples of each?

Internal storage of a computer means the memory type that resides inside the computer primarily the internal hard disk drives (or more modern solid state drives). External storage devices include the USB memories, External or network storage drives on which data is stored outside the main computer body.

How does the CPU store information inside the CPU for the internal commands?

It's fairly common for a processor to have its L1 cache divided into two parts: one for storing data and one for storing instructions. It would the the instruction half of the L1 cache in which incoming commands would be stored.

What are internal and external commands of DOS?

Internal DOS commands are those provided internally by cmd.exe: BREAK, CD/CHDIR, CHCP, CLS, COPY, CTTY, DATE, DEL/ERASE, DIR, EXIT, LOADHIGH, LOCK, MD/MKDIR, PATH, PROMPT, RD/RMDIR, SET, TIME, TRUENAME, TYPE, UNLOCK, VER, VOL, VERIFY. External commands are those provided by separate executables.

What is external media?

External media refers to any form of media (such as videos, images, or audio files) that are stored outside a specific system or platform. This could include USB drives, external hard drives, CDs, or DVDs that contain media content separate from the device's internal storage.

What are stored-procedures?

It is a saved set of SQL commands that can be run by the user.