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"Molecular element" is a much narrower category than "molecular substance". The kinetic units* of a molecular element contain at least two atoms, but all the atoms in the kinetic unit must be atoms of the same element. A molecular substance may contain any number of atoms of any number of elements. Therefore, every molecular element is a molecular substance, but the reverse is not true. The only additional requirements for a molecular substance are that all its kinetic units must have the same chemical composition and must contain at least two atoms but must not have any net electrical charge.

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*A kinetic unit is the smallest portion of a substance that moves further apart on average from other kinetic units when the substance expands while maintaining nearly constant interatomic distances within the kinetic unit itself.

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