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Earth's Plates
convection
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Not within the surface rocks, but at surface level yes. Air and water both convect.
The idea that continents move slowly across the earth's surface is called the continental drift.
Earth's Plates
The continents are embedded in the top side of crustal plates which float on the surface of the mantle. Convection currents in the mantle carry the plates around and the embedded continents travel along.
An antipodal arrangement of oceans and continents refers to the opposite points on Earth's surface that are directly across from each other. For example, the Pacific Ocean is antipodal to the Indian Ocean. This concept is used in geography to study the relationships between different regions and their corresponding antipodes.
because they move to other continents to create new land
By convection
The sun's surface has a mottled appearance, known as granulation, because of its convection currents. At any one time, about four million of these currents cover the sun's surface.
, hot material rises towards the surface and cooler material sinks back down towards the Earth's core. This is called mantle convection and is driven by the heat generated from the Earth's core and the heat released from radioactive decay within the mantle. The motion of these convection currents is responsible for plate tectonics and the movement of continents over time.
convection
The only evidence that Alfred Wegener did not have was the mechanism that drove the Continental Drift, he had evidence to support that the continents were once joined together, but did not have the means to postulate how the continents had actually moved to their present positions. He did however postulate the theory of a "layered Earth" consisting of a rigid surface (continents) upon a liquid/plastic like substance (mantle) and that if pressure was exerted on the surface layer, it would move thus, and if the pressure was removed the surface would return to its original state. It was only until c. 1890, when the Geophysicist Arthur Holmes came up with the theory of convection currents in the mantle being responsible for Continental Drift.
Lake freezes first at the surface is convection involved
Antarctica's surface is similar to that of the moon in that it is rocky.
convection