Well, you need a pump, or a compressor with the right type of nozzle for the type of valve you're using. Then, if you have a Presta valve, you need to know how to open it. Once you have that it's no problem inflating a bicycle tire.
When you are not sitting on it.
Because the air inside the tire is under pressure. Gas always flows from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure. As the pressure inside the tire is greater than the pressure outside, the air always comes out of the bicycle tyre.
because air molecules build up inside the tire and push the rubber outwards which causes the tire to expand.
Yes there most certainty is a limit to the amount of air that can be pumped into a bicycle tire. Put too much air in the tire and it will explode. The maximum air pressure for the tire is listed on the sidewall of the tire.
how much air is in the tire
Air fille bicycle tires were invented by John Dunlop.
air with an air pump
ANY tire gauge measures air pressure in PSI.
The inflation pressure is on the sidewall of the tire.
because the heat is transferred to the molecules and gives them more kinetic energy
Air is put in with a pump or a compressor, either way it becomes pressurised to inflate the tire.
Because I don't know what your teacher is looking for:At a pressure above atmosphericCompressedConfined