There are several ways, but if you haven't taken college physical chemistry the details won't make a lot of sense to you.
I'll mention the names of a couple, and you can look them up if you're really interested: spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.
Are you from montessori school....
bond length
Two atoms bonded together
The atomic radius in chemistry is measured as half the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms. This distance is typically determined using X-ray crystallography or spectroscopic techniques.
Bond radius is the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms. It is a measure of the size of the bond between two atoms in a molecule. It is typically reported in units of picometers (pm).
at which potential energy is at a minimuim.
The distance between the nuclei of two atoms when they are joined in a molecule is typically around 0.1 to 0.2 nanometers. This distance depends on the specific atoms involved and the type of bond they form (single, double, or triple bond).
The half distance from center to center of two atoms bonded together is known as the covalent radius, which represents half the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms. It is a measure of the size of an atom when it forms a covalent bond with another atom.
The atomic size of an element can be determined by measuring the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms of that element. This distance is known as the atomic radius and can be calculated using various experimental techniques such as X-ray crystallography or spectroscopy.
Atomic distance refers to the distance between the centers of two atoms that are bonded together in a molecule. It is a measure of the spatial arrangement of atoms in a compound and is critical in determining the physical and chemical properties of the substance. Variations in atomic distance can affect the stability and reactivity of the compound.
In a methane molecule, the distance between the hydrogen atoms is approximately 1.09 angstroms. This distance is determined by the molecular structure and the bond length between the hydrogen and carbon atoms in methane.
The internuclear distance is the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms. It is a critical factor in determining the strength and stability of a chemical bond. The distance is influenced by the types of atoms involved, the bonding interactions, and the overall geometry of the molecule.