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A well, when drilled, typically is cased, so the hydrocarbon zone is sealed off. The well must first perforated, which means a perforating gun, with explosive charges is lowered into the well, to make holes in the casing. Prior to perforating the well, production tubing is lowered into the well. The produced oil will flow inside of this production tubing, if there is sufficient pressure. If there is not sufficient pressure for oil to flow, the well may be stimulated (acidized or hydraulically fractured). To help a well initiate production, nitrogen or CO2 gas may be used to unload the fluids in the well bore. Finally, artificial lift may be necessary. Commonly used artificial lift methods are gas lift and electric submersible pumps.

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What is an oil flow station?

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How many barrels a day can a horizontal oil well produce?

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