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It is basically very easy depending on the class. When you start to figure in subnet masking, things get complicating. I'll start with the simple bit. I'm assuming you are questioning for IPv4.

Say you have a computer with the IP address 10.14.10.88, with a subnet mask of 255.0.0.0. This means that you keep the numbers that correspond to the 255 and replace the other numbers with 0. So the network address of the network this computer is connected to is 10.0.0.0.

Another example would be if you are given an IP of 172.155.8.101/16. The /16 is the subnet mask. It means you keep the first 16 bits and drop the rest to determine the network address. So the Net Address is 172.155.0.0. In an IPv4 address, every number number between a dot is 8 bits. So if the IP address was instead 172.155.8.101/24, then the net address would be 172.155.8.0.

But what if the subnet mask isn't 255 or divisible by 8, depending on which method is being used?

Say now we have a computer on the network 148.76.55.189/27 and we want to find the net address on that. Well the first three are easy 148.76.55.x, but now what? Let's convert both the subnet mask and the ip address into binary.

The subnet mask is 27 ones, followed by 5 zeros. Remember, IPv4 is made up of four parts, each part being 8 bits, and the 27 means you need to keep the first 27 bits. So our subnet mask is 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000

Next, we need to convert the ip address we were given to binary. It would probably help if you used an online tool for this if you are not familiar with binary. Our ip address comes out to be 10010100.01001100.00110111.10111101

Now, much like before, we keep the amount of bits specified by the subnet mask, then turn the rest to zeros. So we have a network address of 10010100.01001100.00110111.10100000

If we convert this back to decimal, then we learn that the final number is not zero like before, but is in fact, 160. So the network address for 148.76.55.189/27 is 148.76.55.160.

It can take some practice with subnet masks that aren't full bytes, but eventually you will get the hang of it. I will add a nice binary x decimal conversion tool to the related links. Just remember when you convert using the tool, make sure that if it doesn't turn out to be 8 bits, add zeros to the beginning of the number to make it 8 bits. For example, the tool converted 55 to 110111, which is only 6 bits. So I add two zeros to the beginning of it to make is 8 bits, 00110111. It's no different than adding zeros to a decimal number like 19. 19 and 00019 are the same. See what I mean?

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Q: How is the network address found from a listed IP address?
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