States have a number of votes in the electoral college which is equal to the number of representatives they have in the House of Representatives and Senate. Since every state has two Senators, each state's delegation is equal to its number of Congressional districts plus two.
The overall population determines how many electoral vote each states has.
The electoral college does not vote on policies. The electoral college performs only one function. It elects the president of the United States.
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The popular vote in each state selects the electors who will vote in the Electoral College. The electors are elected by popular vote in each state and each candidate for elector swears in advance whom he will vote for.
It is possible that a candidate could win the "national" popular vote total but lose the electoral vote total. However, the electoral vote of every state accurately reflects the popular vote within that state. A candidate could win the electoral votes in a large state such as California winning the state by a huge margin. However, the opposing candidate could win the electoral votes in other states because a majority of the voters in those states vote for the opposing candidate.
In all states but Nebraska and Maine, the winner of the popular vote gets all of that state's electoral votes. (Technically, the slate of electors pledged to the winning candidate is elected by the popular vote and these people go on to cast the state's electoral vote. )
There has always been an electoral vote since the beginning of the United States of America. Such is the election procedure specified in the original Constitution of the United States ratified in 1788.
None, but Maine and Nebraska each bases two electoral votes on the popular vote of the state and each additional electoral vote on the popular vote of each congressional district.
The president of the United States is elected by electoral vote.
Electoral votes in the U.S. Electoral College determine the President and Vice President of the United States.
By popular vote.
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