States have a number of votes in the electoral college which is equal to the number of representatives they have in the House of Representatives and Senate. Since every state has two Senators, each state's delegation is equal to its number of Congressional districts plus two.
Each state appoints a number of electors equal to the total number of U. S. Representatives plus U. S. Senators to which the state is entitled. For example, Georgia currently has 13 Representatives and 2 Senators in Congress. However, based on the 2011 reapportionment of House seats they are entitled to 14 Representatives. Therefore they may appoint 16 electors.
According to the 23rd Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, the District of Columbia may appoint the number of electors that it would if it were a state, but never more than the number entitled to the least populous state.
Each state has electoral votes equal to the total of the 2 representative the state has in the U.S. Senate plus the number of representative the state has in the U.S. House of Representatives. The District of Columbia gets 3 electoral votes.
The overall population determines how many electoral vote each states has.
The electoral college does not vote on policies. The electoral college performs only one function. It elects the president of the United States.
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The popular vote in each state selects the electors who will vote in the Electoral College. The electors are elected by popular vote in each state and each candidate for elector swears in advance whom he will vote for.
It is possible that a candidate could win the "national" popular vote total but lose the electoral vote total. However, the electoral vote of every state accurately reflects the popular vote within that state. A candidate could win the electoral votes in a large state such as California winning the state by a huge margin. However, the opposing candidate could win the electoral votes in other states because a majority of the voters in those states vote for the opposing candidate.
In all states but Nebraska and Maine, the winner of the popular vote gets all of that state's electoral votes. (Technically, the slate of electors pledged to the winning candidate is elected by the popular vote and these people go on to cast the state's electoral vote. )
There has always been an electoral vote since the beginning of the United States of America. Such is the election procedure specified in the original Constitution of the United States ratified in 1788.
None, but Maine and Nebraska each bases two electoral votes on the popular vote of the state and each additional electoral vote on the popular vote of each congressional district.
The president of the United States is elected by electoral vote.
Electoral votes in the U.S. Electoral College determine the President and Vice President of the United States.
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By popular vote.