The first working transistor was built in the laboratory in 1947.
Commercial production began in the early 1950s.
Transistors are made out of semiconductors, yes.
Transistors are made from semiconductor materials. Silicon transistors are currently the most common.COMMONSiliconGermaniumGallium-Arsenide (GaAs)Silcon-GermaniumGallium Nitride (GaN)DiamondRARE
Yes it is!
For the same reason it is used in transistors and ICs: its a very good semiconductor. Note: equivalent devices have been made with germanium in the past, when most transistors were germanium. But they called them thyristors not GCRs.
Transistors are made of materials. They have to be extracted and purified. This relies on chemistry and Materials Science.
transistors..
The vast majority of all transistors are nearly pure silicon, with small amount of carefully added impurities.A small but significant number of transistors are mostly germanium.
Transistors
This is the gallium arsenide - GaAs.
Silicon
Yes, germanium was the only material used in transistors from when they were invented in 1947 until 1954 when the first successful silicon transistor was made. However the use of germanium still dominated transistors until the silicon mesa transistor was made commercially available by Fairchild Semiconductor in 1958. Development of the silicon planar transistor by Fairchild Semiconductor the next year ultimately made the integrated circuit possible. While almost all transistors today are silicon, there are still uses for germanium transistors so a few types are still made.
If the integrated circuit in some kind of device has 5,000 transistors on it, then before integrated circuits were available, the same function might have been performed by 100 individual transistors. And before transistors were available, the same function might have been performed by 30 vacuum tubes, a fan and air system to keep them cool, and a large power system to operate the tubes and the cooler.