5 hours
Draining the water from the "pump" (I'm assuming you mean the filter) should only take a few minutes. How long it would take to drain the water in the pool down to the winterization level would depend on the size of your pool and the pump you are using.
The amount of time the pump should run for any pool will depend on a few things. Hotter seaons will require your pump to run about 8 hours. Running your pump in hotter seaons also require that the pump runs during the hottest part of the day. You may cut the hours to about 6, or as low as 4 during winter. Please keep in mind "bather load" or heating the pool in the winter can effect the hours your pump should run. During winter pump should be ran at night to avoid freezing of pipes
I see no reason why you would insulate them. When you close your pool for winter you will purge (empty) your pump and pipes. The water in the pool would freeze long before the water will in the pipes under ground.
ne hour
A pool pump should only be replaced if and when it fails. A pool pump needs proper maintanance in order to function properly,and should last the life of the pool ith proper care.
The pool, filter, and pump all need to be drained. If it is a soft sidered pool, it should be collapsed and covered with a tarp. If hardside pool, cover will a pool cover once drained down.
Less time for running a pool pump for a 30000 gallon should run one hour for every ten degrees. IE. 50 degrees F is equal to 5 hrs per day.
Yes
It depends on the season. In the winter, you can get by with 4 hours circulation. Normally, in the summer you need around 8 hours of circulation. If you are thinking about not using the pool in the summer, you may can reduce to 6 hours. Pool is still at risk for algae, even if no one is swimming.
So long as the water is kept up to the filtration system there is no problem with doing this.
Your pool builder has those answers as every pool builder has his specific rules and procedures. k
It would probably do no particular harm, However it would be a good idea to keep an eye on the water so that you add chlorine or algae-side should the pool need it. the pump can be run sol long as the water level is OK.