That depends a lot on the mass of the black hole. The smaller black holes will evaporate more quickly. A stellar black hole (a few times the mass of the Sun) is expected to live approximately 1066 years, while a supermassive black hole might survive something like 10100 years before evaporating completely.
You can't, if you call it in the black hole being inside the event horizon; that is if you mean inside the 'black' portion of the hole. If you say near the black hole, then it depends on how close and how much thrust, fuel and mass your ship has.
the strong force of the black hole means that you cannot live in it
For all practical purposes, such an object will exist forever.
No.
No
If a black hole has spin, it will spin forever.
No, because you can't live on a black hole.
mabey
Sadly, absolutely nothing can withstand living in a black hole.. In fact, you would need infinite energy just to stay in its orbit. So you cant live in a black hole, but you might be able to live close to it.
It doesn't "need to live", but it will, whether it needs, or not. A black hole with the mass of our Sun or more is very resilient; it will continue existing - as a black hole - for much, much longer than the current age of the Universe.
Basically there is no "next stage". Well, it is believed that a black hole will evaporate, but that will take a long, long time.
No, this doesn't seem likely.