It depends on the computer. For example, a tablet can run for a very long time without a fan, so they don't even have fans. Many high quality desktops have liquid cooling. In a laptop or a low quality desktop, it won't run very long without a fan, especially if it's working hard. Maybe a couple seconds?
You can run it until the processor overheats and shuts down which will not take long. Eventually the processor ECU will fail due to overheating and you will be replacing it.
the computer will freeze or the fan will run automatically!
Yes, a 5 volt computer fan should be able to run on 6 volts without any issues. The fan's motor is designed to handle some variation in voltage, so a slight increase from 5 to 6 volts should not cause any harm.
Yes you can... you can run DVD's, Games, CD's on a computer without internet.
The fan on a home computer should run constantly to keep everything cool. Fans will typically adjust their speed based on temperatures, but only turn off when the computer goes to sleep or is shut down.
If the fan is not working - your computer is more than likely to be overheating - causing the processors to run slowly. Without being fixed, the lack of cool airflow from the fan will cause irreparable (and thus expensive) damage to your computer.
It is not stated what fan is being used? Assuming it is a cooling fan used in a computer: the fan usually blows hot air out of the computer through exhaust vents, drawing in cold air from other vents.
Yes.
because the computer has no where to store it's files. The computer wont even start up without memory.
It might be a bad power supply that only sends the correct voltage type to run a fan but not a mother Bord or hard drive.
absolutely
Your computer is damage by EXISTING. Air currents and stuff. But aside from existing, using your computer at all also damages it. Most computers can run minecraft without TOO much damage (Heat generated by procesers), but computers that are older or have no fan will heat up more. Use an external fan and make sure to clean out your computer every few months to remove dust that builds up and prevents circulation.