21.5
1 nadh x 2.5
2 fadh2 x 1.5
6 nadh x 2.5
2 gtp
that;s 22.5 ATP. subtract 1 ATP equivalent for succinyl coa synthetase, and you get 21.5 ATP.
Beta-oxidation occurs in the mitochondria of a cell. It is a metabolic pathway that breaks down fatty acids to generate acetyl-CoA, which can then enter the citric acid cycle to produce energy.
glycogen
In the human liver, glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids can be broken down through various metabolic pathways to produce ATP through processes such as glycolysis, beta-oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. These molecules are used as fuel sources to generate ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell.
Insulin is a hormone that regulates carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle.
The beta cells of the pancreas produce insulin and C-peptide, a byproduct of insulin. Source: Wikipedia
The liver produces cholesterol to help build cell membranes, produce hormones, and aid in digestion.
Always produce Beta-galactosidas
the mitochondrion is responsible for the final oxidation of food to produce ATP ( energy) thus the name power house of the cell
The most common way that cells produce energy is by the process of respiration where oxidation of glucose occurs which produces ATP (energy for the cells to use in other processes) The most enery can be gained from beta-oxidation of fatty acids, however this is not used on a regular basis (just during exercise or starvation to conserve glucose for organs such as the brain or liver). It is not commonly used because the stores of fat take longer to build back up than the stores of glucose (which is stored as glycogen)
In humans only the pancreas produces insulin. There are clusters of specialized cells in the pancreas called Islets of Langerhans. The cell type in the Islets that produce insulin are beta cells. (Other cell types in the Islets produce other hormones.)
The liver cell is a diploid
a stem cell line is a group of stem cells that has the ability to produce one specific type of cell. for example, one stem cell line could have the ability to produce a kidney, while another line could produce a liver.