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How many ATP molecules are required to regenerate RuBP from five G3P molecules?
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
None. The Calvin cycle uses ATP and results in ADP.
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∙ 11y ago
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Which molecule from the Calvin Cycle is used to replenish the five-carbon sugar RuBP which is used a the beginning of the cycles?
PGAL
What are the stages of a dark reaction?
1. A five-carbon sugar molecule called ribulose bisphosphate, or RuBP, is the acceptor that binds CO2 dissolved in the stroma. This process, called CO2 fixation, is catalyzed by the enzyme RuBP carboxylase, forming an unstable six-carbon molecule. This molecule quickly breaks down to give two molecules of the three-carbon 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG), also called phosphoglyceric acid (PGA). 2. The two 3PG molecules are converted into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P, a.k.a. phosphoglyceraldehyde, PGAL) molecules, a three-carbon sugar phosphate, by adding a high-energy phosphate group from ATP, then breaking the phosphate bond and adding hydrogen from NADH + H+. 3. Three turns of the cycle, using three molecules of CO2, produces six molecules of G3P. However, only one of the six molecules exits the cycle as an output, while the remaining five enter a complex process that regenerates more RuBP to continue the cycle. Two molecules of G3P, produced by a total of six turns of the cycle, combine to form one molecule of glucose.
What hydrocarbons has five carbons?
Thousands if not millions of compounds have six carbon atoms.
The three carbon sugars form during the Calvin cycle are used to generate the five carbon compounds. Is it true?
Yes. CO2 enters the cycle one molecule at a time. Rubisco binds it to ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), which is a five-carbon compound. After several chemical changes, six three-carbon compounds (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, G3P) are formed. One of the six is put out as G3P to make glucose and other organic compounds. The other five are used to regenerate three more RuBPs.
What happens in Calvin cycle stage?
There are three main phases of the light-independent reactions: fixation, reduction, regeneration of RuBP.During fixation, RuBisCO (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxidase) fixates a carbon to RuBP (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate) to make 3-phosphoglycerate. There are three RuBP's and each one makes two 3-phosphoglycerates. Ergo, there are six 3-phosphoglycerates.During the reduction phase, 6 ATP and 6 NADPH are used to reduce the 3-phosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). The ATP goes first and converts the 3-phosphoglycerate into 3-bisphosphoglycerate. Next, the NADPH reduces the 3-bisphosphoglycerate and converts it into G3P. An inorganic phosphate comes off and NADP+ and ADP are released back to the light reactions. There are 6 G3P molecules and one will be used to make the six carbon sugar, glucose.During regeneration, 3 ATP are used to convert the G3P back into 3 RuBP's through a series of reactions. This will restart the cycle.Two turns of the cycle will produce the six-carbon sugar product.It is also important to note the amounts of carbon in each step.(5C (RuBP) + 1C (CO2)) x 3 = 18C on six 3-carbon molecules (3-phosphoglycerate)One G3P is used to make a sugar, so 18C - 3C = 15C on five 3-carbon molecules.5(3C) molecules --> 3 (5C) molecules (RuBP).
The Calvin cycle begins when CO2 combines with a five-carbon carbohydrate called what?
rubpThey give rise to a 6 C unstable compound.Then this is broken into 2 PGA molecules
Five carbon compound that combines with co2 in the Calvin cycle to make glicose?
rubp
What carbon atom from carbon dioxide is used to change the five-carbon sugar RuBP into what?
ATP.
A carbon atom from carbon dioxide is used to change the five carbon sugar RuBP into?
a six carbon sugar
Which molecule from the Calvin Cycle is used to replenish the five-carbon sugar RuBP which is used a the beginning of the cycles?
PGAL
What are the stages of a dark reaction?
1. A five-carbon sugar molecule called ribulose bisphosphate, or RuBP, is the acceptor that binds CO2 dissolved in the stroma. This process, called CO2 fixation, is catalyzed by the enzyme RuBP carboxylase, forming an unstable six-carbon molecule. This molecule quickly breaks down to give two molecules of the three-carbon 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG), also called phosphoglyceric acid (PGA). 2. The two 3PG molecules are converted into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P, a.k.a. phosphoglyceraldehyde, PGAL) molecules, a three-carbon sugar phosphate, by adding a high-energy phosphate group from ATP, then breaking the phosphate bond and adding hydrogen from NADH + H+. 3. Three turns of the cycle, using three molecules of CO2, produces six molecules of G3P. However, only one of the six molecules exits the cycle as an output, while the remaining five enter a complex process that regenerates more RuBP to continue the cycle. Two molecules of G3P, produced by a total of six turns of the cycle, combine to form one molecule of glucose.
A carbon atom from carbon dioxide is used to change the five-carbon sugar RuBP are formed?
To a six-carbon sugar :) Enjoy!
What is the function of G3P in photosynthesis?
In the Calvin Cycle [CC], carbon dioxide combines with RuBP which creates PGA. From the light dependent reactions in photosynthesis which occurs in the thylakoid, ATP and NADPH are produced. Those two products combine with the PGA to from PGAL. one of the 6 molcules of PGAL combine with a phosphate is used by the plants to create sugars, starch, etc. PGAL rearranges with 5-carbon phosphate and another phosphate is given to PGAL from the ATP light-dependent reaction product producing RuBP again. This restarts the cycle starting with carbon dioxide combining with the RuBP.
What hydrocarbons has five carbons?
Thousands if not millions of compounds have six carbon atoms.
If a five armed sea star is cut into five equal pieces how many sea stars will regenerate?
2
The three carbon sugars form during the Calvin cycle are used to generate the five carbon compounds. Is it true?
Yes. CO2 enters the cycle one molecule at a time. Rubisco binds it to ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), which is a five-carbon compound. After several chemical changes, six three-carbon compounds (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, G3P) are formed. One of the six is put out as G3P to make glucose and other organic compounds. The other five are used to regenerate three more RuBPs.
A protein consisting of six amino acids undergoes hydrolysis How many water molecules must be broken down and reattached to amino acid molecules during this process?
Five. One molecule of water will be used to break each bond between the amino acids. Since there are five bonds, then five molecules of water will be required for the hydrolysis of this peptide.
