The existence of black holes is predicted in theory. It can't be 'proven', but several theoretical consequences of their existence have been observed, so it's looking pretty good. It's impossible to say how many there are, even if they do exist; in fact, it will never be possible. However, I can absolutely positively guarantee and assure you of one thing: No black hole has ever been seen.
Yes, many galaxies have supermassive black holes at their centers.
Whoever said this seems to think that there is not enough direct evidence for black holes. However, I understand there is enough evidence to believe that black holes actually exist - including the observation of many, many objects that can only be black holes.
Yes, black holes are known and regarded by many scientists, astronomers, and physicists.
It is not known how many black holes exist. One of the main reasons is that, if matter is not actually falling into the black hole, it is impossible to detect.
The milky way contains about a dozen black holes in the milky way.
Not really "a" black hole - many black holes. It is currently believed that all, or most, galaxies have a huge black hole at its center. Any galaxy should also have lots of smaller black holes - so-called "stellar" black holes, because they have approximately the mass of a star (larger stars can become black holes).
Not all galaxies have black holes in their centers, but many large galaxies, including our own Milky Way, are believed to have supermassive black holes at their centers.
Not all galaxies have black holes. While many galaxies, including our own Milky Way, have supermassive black holes at their centers, there are also galaxies that do not have black holes. The presence of a black hole in a galaxy depends on various factors such as the size and age of the galaxy.
Black holes emit so very little radiation they are hard to see. Many black holes lie at the center of galaxies and there they are hidden by stars and dust.
No, there are many black holes in space. They reside throughout the universe and come in different sizes, ranging from stellar-mass black holes to supermassive black holes found at the centers of galaxies.
Not every galaxy has a black hole at its center. While many galaxies do have supermassive black holes at their centers, there are also galaxies that do not have black holes.
Black holes are a bit hard to detect, so I am pretty sure that not all black holes in this galaxy are known - and I suspect there is not even a decent estimate. But you can expect there to be several.