It's absolutely impossible to know how many cases of Autism there were in 1942. This is because Autism as a diagnosis didn't exist at that time, thus essentially Autism didn't exist, Autistic people would have been misdiagnosed as any number of other conditions.
Sometimes - each case is different. Many children with autism spectrum disorders tend to have digestive problems. Your pediatrician can check your children and advise you on the best dietary direction.
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Of course they can. Children with Autism can reach whatever career they choose. Temple Grandin is a very famous person with Autism, and she has written many great books about Autism.
The CDC estimates that one in every one hundred and ten (1/110) children have an autism spectrum disorder and many believe this number is growing. Autism varies in severity.
For the same reason so many adults have autism, also for the same reason so many children and adults are neurotypical - it's just how we're born. This question is like asking 'why are so many children black?'.
There are many different types of psychological tests that are done on children when testing them for autism. One of the more common ones is a behavioral assessment.
The current figure for Autism diagnosis is 1 in 55 children. Obviously this figure could be incorrect due to a number of factors, including under-diagnosis in minority groups and girls.
Autism is NOT a disease. Many diseases do not show symptoms until later in life and as such it is impossible to say how many children are born with diseases. Furthermore it depends on the diseases, the country or location, and the time span of births.
There are many great websites you can go on and find the symptoms for autism. Also, consulting books, doctors, and teachers are good places to start as well.
You can't die as a result of having autism. In some cases autism is so severe that autistic people may not see potential harm such as oncoming trafic or falling into rivers, but this is uncommon. The biggest risk with autism is not the autism itself but prejudice towards autism, unfortunately many parents murder their autistic children or autistic people can be abused to the point of being killed.